Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. Scope of geotechnical engineering
1.2. Scope of foundation engineering
1.3. Scope of soil exploration for purposes of foundation design and construction
1.4. Methods of ground improvement
1.5. Foundation design
1.6. Experimental and theoretical methods of foundation design
1.7. Need for using empirical relationships for design based on past practices

Chapter 2. Geotechnical Properties of Soil
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Grain-Size Distribution
2.3. Size Limits for Soil
2.4. Weight–Volume Relationships
2.5. Relative Density
2.6. Atterberg Limits
2.7. Liquidity Index
2.8. Activity
2.9. Soil Classification Systems
2.10. Hydraulic Conductivity of Soil
2.11. Steady-State Seepage
2.12. Effective Stress
2.13. Consolidation
2.14. Calculation of Primary Consolidation Settlement
2.15. Time Rate of Consolidation
2.16. Range of Coefficient of Consolidation
2.17. Degree of Consolidation Under Ramp Loading
2.18. Shear Strength
2.19. Unconfined Compression Test
2.20. Comments on Friction Angle
2.21. Correlations for Undrained Shear Strength
2.22. Sensitivity

Chapter 3. Natural Soil Deposits and Subsoil Exploration
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Natural Soil Deposits: Soil Origin
3.3. Natural Soil Deposits: Residual Soil
3.4. Natural Soil Deposits: Gravity-Transported Soil
3.5. Natural Soil Deposits: Alluvial Deposits
3.6. Natural Soil Deposits: Lacustrine Deposits
3.7. Natural Soil Deposits: Glacial Deposits
3.8. Natural Soil Deposits: Aeolian Soil Deposits
3.9. Natural Soil Deposits: Organic Soil
3.10. Natural Soil Deposits: Some Local Terms for Soil
3.11. Subsurface Exploration: Purpose of Subsurface Exploration
3.12. Subsurface Exploration: Subsurface Exploration Program
3.13. Subsurface Exploration: Exploratory Borings in the Field
3.14. Subsurface Exploration: Procedures for Sampling Soil
3.15. Subsurface Exploration: Split-Spoon Sampling and Standard Penetration Test
3.16. Subsurface Exploration: Sampling with a Scraper Bucket
3.17. Subsurface Exploration: Sampling with a Thin-Walled Tube
3.18. Subsurface Exploration: Sampling with a Piston Sampler
3.19. Subsurface Exploration: Observation of Water Tables
3.20. Subsurface Exploration: Vane Shear Test
3.21. Subsurface Exploration: Cone Penetration Test
3.22. Subsurface Exploration: Pressuremeter Test (PMT)
3.23. Subsurface Exploration: Dilatometer Test
3.24. Subsurface Exploration: Iowa Borehole Shear Test
3.25. Subsurface Exploration: K0 Stepped-Blade Test
3.26. Subsurface Exploration: Coring of Rocks
3.27. Preparation of Boring Logs
3.28. Geophysical Exploration
3.29. Subsoil Exploration Report

Chapter 5. Shallow Foundations: Ultimate Bearing Capacity
5.1. Introduction
5.2. General Concept
5.3. Terzaghi's Bearing Capacity Theory
5.4. Factor of Safety
5.5. Modification of Bearing Capacity Equations for Water Table
5.6. The General Bearing Capacity Equation
5.7. Other Solutions for Bearing Capacity, Shape, Depth, and Inclination Factors
5.8. Case Studies on Ultimate Bearing Capacity
5.9. Effect of Soil Compressibility
5.10. Scale Effects on Ultimate Bearing Capacity
5.11. Eccentrically Loaded Foundations
5.12. Ultimate Bearing Capacity Under Eccentric Loading-One-Way Eccentricity
5.13. Bearing Capacity-Two-Way Eccentricity
5.14. Bearing Capacity of a Continuous Foundation Subjected to Eccentrically Inclined Loading

Chapter 7. Vertical Stress Increase in Soil
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Stress Due to a Concentrated Load
7.3. Stress Due to a Circularly Loaded Area
7.4. Stress Due to a Line Load
7.5. Stress Below a Vertical Strip Load of Finite Width and Infinite Length
7.6. Stress Below a Horizontal Strip Load of Finite Width and Infinite Length
7.7. Symmetrical Vertical Triangular Strip Load on the Surface
7.8. Vertical Stress Increase Below a Flexible Circular Area-Parabolic and Conical Loading
7.9. Stress Below a Rectangular Area
7.10. Average Vertical Stress Increase Due to a Rectangularly Loaded Area
7.11. Average Vertical Stress Increase Below the Center of a Circularly Loaded Area
7.12. Stress Increase Under an Embankment
7.13. Westergaard's Solution for Vertical Stress Due to a Point Load
7.14. Stress Distribution for Westergaard Material

Chapter 8. Settlement of Shallow Foundations
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Elastic Settlement of Shallow Foundation on Saturated Clay
8.3. Elastic Settlement in Granular Soil: Settlement Based on the Theory of Elasticity
8.4. Elastic Settlement in Granular Soil: Improved Equation for Elastic Settlement
8.5. Elastic Settlement in Granular Soil: Settlement of Sandy Soil: Use of Strain Influence Factor
8.9. Consolidation Settlement: Primary Consolidation Settlement Relationships
8.10. Consolidation Settlement: Three-Dimensional Effect on Primary Consolidation Settlement
8.11. Consolidation Settlement: Settlement Due to Secondary Consolidation
8.12. Consolidation Settlement: Field Load Test
8.13. Consolidation Settlement: Presumptive Bearing Capacity
8.14. Consolidation Settlement: Tolerable Settlement of Buildings
8.15. Consolidation Settlement: Improvement of Soil for Shallow Foundation Construction

Chapter 9. Mat Foundations
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Combined Footings
9.3. Common Types of Mat Foundations
9.4. Bearing Capacity of Mat Foundations
9.5. Differential Settlement of Mats
9.6. Field Settlement Observations for Mat Foundations
9.7. Compensated Foundation
9.8. Structural Design of Mat Foundations

Chapter 11. Pile Foundations
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Pile Materials
11.3. Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) Piles
11.4. Estimating Pile Length
11.5. Installation of Piles
11.6. Load Transfer Mechanism
11.7. Equations for Estimating Pile Capacity
11.8. Meyerhof's Method for Estimating Qp
11.12. Correlations for Calculating Qp with SPT and CPT Results in Granular Soil
11.13. Frictional Resistance (Qs) in Sand
11.14. Comparison of Theory with Field Load Test Results (Granular Soil)
11.15. Frictional (Skin) Resistance in Clay
11.16. Ultimate Capacity of Continuous Flight Auger Pile
11.17. Point Bearing Capacity of Piles Resting on Rock
11.18. Pile Load Tests
11.19. Elastic Settlement of Piles
11.21. Pile-Driving Formulas
11.22. Pile Capacity for Vibration-Driven Piles
11.22. Wave Equation Analysis
11.24. Negative Skin Friction
11.25. Group Efficiency
11.26. Ultimate Capacity of Group Piles in Saturated Clay
11.27. Elastic Settlement of Group Piles
11.28. Consolidation Settlement of Group Piles
11.28. Piles in Rock

Chapter 14. Lateral Earth Pressure
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest
14.3. Active Pressure
14.4. A Generalized Case for Rankine Active Pressure-Granular Backfill
14.5. Rankine Active Pressure with Vertical Wall Backface and Inclined Soil Backfill
14.6. Coulomb's Active Earth Pressure
14.7. Active Earth Pressure for Translation of Retaining Wall-Granular Backfill
14.8. Lateral Earth Pressure Due to Surcharge
14.9. Active Earth Pressure for Earthquake Conditions-Granular Backfill
14.10. Active Earth Pressure for Earthquake Condition (Vertical Backface of Wall)
14.11. Passive Pressure
14.12. A Generalized Case for Rankine Passive Pressure-Granular Backfill
14.13. Coulomb's Passive Earth Pressure
14.14. Comments on the Failure Surface Assumption for Coulomb's Pressure Calculations

Chapter 15. Retaining Walls
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Gravity and Cantilever Walls: Proportioning Retaining Walls
15.3. Gravity and Cantilever Walls: Application of Lateral Earth Pressure Theories to Design
15.4. Gravity and Cantilever Walls: Equivalent Fluid Method for Determination of Earth Pressure
15.5. Gravity and Cantilever Walls: Stability of Retaining Walls
15.6. Gravity and Cantilever Walls: Check for Overturning
15.7. Gravity and Cantilever Walls: Check for Sliding Along the Base
15.8. Gravity and Cantilever Walls: Check for Bearing Capacity Failure
15.9. Gravity and Cantilever Walls: Construction Joints and Drainage from Backfill
15.10. Gravity and Cantilever Walls: Comments on Design of Retaining Walls

Chapter 16. Sheet-Pile Walls
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Construction Methods
16.3. Cantilever Sheet-Pile Walls
16.4. Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrating Sandy Soil
16.5. Special Cases for Cantilever Walls Penetrating a Sandy Soil
16.6. Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrating Clay
16.7. Special Cases for Cantilever Walls Penetrating Clay
16.8. Anchored Sheet-Pile Walls
16.9. Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Sandy Soil
16.10. Design Charts for Free Earth Support Method (Penetration into Sandy Soil)
16.11. Moment Reduction for Anchored Sheet-Pile Walls Penetrating into Sand
16.12. Computational Pressure Diagram Method for Penetration into Sandy Soil
16.13. Field Observations for Anchor Sheet-Pile Walls
16.14. Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Clay
16.15. Anchors
16.16. Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Sand
16.17. Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Clay
16.18. Ultimate Resistance of Tiebacks

Chapter 17. Braced Cuts
Learning Objectives
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Braced-Cut Analysis Based on General Wedge Theory
17.3. Pressure Envelope for Braced-Cut Design
17.4. Pressure Envelope for Cuts in Layered Soil
17.5. Tschebotarioff's Pressure Envelopes
17.6. Design of Various Components of a Braced Cut
17.7. Case Studies of Braced Cuts
17.8. Bottom Heave of a Cut in Clay
17.9. Stability of the Bottom of a Cut in Sand
17.10. Lateral Yielding of Sheet Piles and Ground Settlement